Bildung e Università. La filosofia classica tedesca nella riflessione pedagogica novecentesca tra Spagna e Stati Uniti

Abstract

The reform of the University represents a paradigmatic element of the pedagogical reflection within classical German philosophy. This article analyzes the relevance of this issue within the philosophical and pedagogical reflection, paying particular attention to the definition of Bildung in the twentieth century. After defining Humboldt’s reform proposal, in relation to Fichte's anthropological thought on the human mission, the article presents two significant university reform projects, implemented in different contexts, but in close continuity with each other. The first by the Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset, the second by the American Robert Hutchins. Through the analysis of the two proposals, their theoretical bases and political purposes, the article demonstrates the persistence of the legacy of classical German philosophy in the contemporary philosophical and pedagogical reflection on the role of University. A legacy that still substantiates the frequent calls for a university up to the times.